# Data Sources for Exercises

This appendix provides links to the primary data sources referenced in chapter exercises. All sources listed are freely accessible. Data availability and URLs may change; check individual provider websites for the most current access points.

***

## General Sources (Used Across Multiple Chapters)

| Source                              | Description                                         | Access                                                                 |
| ----------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **SARB Quarterly Bulletin**         | GDP, investment, trade, monetary data               | <https://www.resbank.co.za/en/home/publications/quarterly-bulletin1>   |
| **Stats SA publications**           | Census, QLFS, CPI, GHS, poverty data                | <https://www.statssa.gov.za/?page\\_id=1854>                           |
| **National Treasury Budget Review** | Fiscal data, expenditure, debt                      | <https://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/national%20budget/default.aspx> |
| **World Bank WDI**                  | International comparisons, development indicators   | <https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators>   |
| **World Inequality Database**       | Income and wealth distribution                      | <https://wid.world/country/south-africa/>                              |
| **FRED (Federal Reserve)**          | Exchange rates, commodity prices, global data       | <https://fred.stlouisfed.org/>                                         |
| **UN Comtrade**                     | Bilateral trade data, product-level exports/imports | <https://comtradeplus.un.org/>                                         |
| **Atlas of Economic Complexity**    | Export composition, RCA calculations                | <https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/>                                       |

***

## Chapter-Specific Sources

### Chapter 1: The Political Economy of South Africa

* **GDP growth data (Exercise 1):** SARB Quarterly Bulletin, Table KB7009 (Real GDP and expenditure components)
* **EME comparison (Exercise 2):** World Bank WDI indicators NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG (GDP growth) for South Africa, Indonesia, India, Vietnam
* **Investment data (Exercise 3):** SARB Quarterly Bulletin, Table KB7009 (Gross fixed capital formation)

### Chapter 2: The Macroeconomic Framework

* **Debt sustainability (Exercise 1):** National Treasury Budget Review, Statistical Tables (debt-to-GDP, interest rates, nominal GDP growth)
* **CPI basket composition (Exercise 2):** Stats SA P0141 — Consumer Price Index, Appendix Tables
* **Fiscal composition (Exercise 3):** National Treasury Estimates of National Expenditure, Summary Tables

### Chapter 3: State Capability, Institutions, and Infrastructure

* **Electricity data (Exercises 1, 3):** Eskom Integrated Reports (available at <https://www.eskom.co.za/investors/integrated-results/>) — generation capacity, EAF, load shedding stages
* **GFCF data (Exercise 2):** SARB Quarterly Bulletin, Table KB7009
* **Freight data (Exercise 4):** Transnet Integrated Reports (available at <https://www.transnet.net/InvestorRelations/Pages/AnnualResults.aspx>)

### Chapter 4: Agriculture, Land, and Food Security

* **Agricultural trade data (Exercise 1):** DALRRD Abstract of Agricultural Statistics (available at <https://www.dalrrd.gov.za/statistics-and-economic-analysis/statistical-information/abstract-of-agricultural-statistics>)
* **Land redistribution data (Exercise 2):** DALRRD Annual Reports, land reform statistics
* **Poverty lines (Exercise 3):** Stats SA Report 03-10-17 — National Poverty Lines (FPL R796, LBPL R1,109, UBPL R1,634 in 2024 CPI-adjusted rands)

### Chapter 5: Mining and the Minerals-Energy Complex

* **Mining GDP (Exercise 1):** SARB Quarterly Bulletin, Table KB7009 (Mining and quarrying value added)
* **Commodity prices (Exercise 2):** World Bank Commodity Price Data (<https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets>) — gold, platinum, coal indices
* **JETP funding (Exercise 4):** The Presidency, Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (<https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/south-africa%27s-just-energy-transition-investment-plan-jet-ip>)

### Chapter 6: Manufacturing, Trade, and Industrial Policy

* **Manufacturing value added (Exercise 1):** Stats SA P3041.2 — Manufacturing: Production and Sales
* **Tariff data (Exercise 2):** SARS Tariff Book and WTO Tariff Profiles (<https://www.wto.org/english/res\\_e/statis\\_e/statis\\_e.htm>)
* **APDP data (Exercise 3):** dtic Annual Reports, APDP performance data; NAAMSA vehicle production statistics (<https://naamsa.net/publications/>)

### Chapter 7: Services, Finance & the Digital Economy

* **Services GDP decomposition (Exercise 1):** SARB Quarterly Bulletin, Table KB7009 (Services subsector breakdown)
* **Tourism data (Exercise 2):** Stats SA Tourism and Migration series (Report 03-51-02); South African Tourism Annual Reports
* **Digital divide data (Exercise 3):** ICASA State of the ICT Sector Report (<https://www.icasa.org.za/pages/state-of-ict-sector-report>); Research ICT Africa (<https://researchictafrica.net/>)

### Chapter 8: The Labour Market Crisis

* **QLFS microdata (Exercises 1, 2):** Stats SA Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Statistical Releases P0211 (<https://www.statssa.gov.za/?page\\_id=1854>)
* **NEET data (Exercise 2):** Stats SA QLFS, Table 3.8 (NEET rates by age group)
* **Wage data (Exercise 3):** Stats SA Quarterly Employment Statistics P0277; DPSA Persal data (public sector wages)

### Chapter 9: Human Capital — Education & Health

* **Education spending (Exercise 1):** National Treasury Estimates of National Expenditure, Vote 16 (Basic Education); DBE Annual Survey of Schools
* **Health workforce (Exercise 2):** Health Professions Council of South Africa statistics; WHO Global Health Observatory (<https://www.who.int/data/gho>)
* **NHI costing (Exercise 3):** National Treasury NHI cost estimates in Budget Review; National Health Insurance Bill impact assessment

### Chapter 10: Inequality, Poverty & Social Protection

* **Gini data (Exercise 1):** World Inequality Database (<https://wid.world/country/south-africa/>); Stats SA Inequality Trends Report 03-10-19
* **Grant data (Exercise 2):** SASSA Annual Reports (<https://www.sassa.gov.za/Pages/Annual-Reports.aspx>); National Treasury Social Development budget
* **Poverty lines (Exercise 3):** Stats SA National Poverty Lines Report 03-10-17 (updated annually)

### Conclusion

* **GDP projections (Exercise 2):** National Treasury Medium Term Budget Policy Statement; IMF World Economic Outlook (<https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO>)
* **Reform cost estimates (Exercise 3):** National Treasury Budget Review; CSIR energy cost projections; Department of Employment and Labour EPWP reports

***

## Tips for Students

1. **Start with the SARB Quarterly Bulletin** — it contains most macroeconomic time-series data in downloadable format
2. **Stats SA's Nesstar platform** provides microdata access for QLFS, Census, and household surveys (registration required)
3. **The Atlas of Economic Complexity** is the easiest tool for RCA calculations (Chapter 6 exercise) — no data download needed
4. **World Bank WDI** allows direct comparison across countries — useful for exercises requiring EME benchmarking
5. **National Treasury documents** are published on budget day (February) and at the MTBPS (October) — use the most recent available


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